What is the process of determining if access can be granted based on a credential?

The process of determining if access can be granted based on a credential is known as authorization. Authorization takes place after identification and authentication have occurred. During this phase, the system evaluates whether a user has the permissions necessary to access a specific resource or perform a certain action based on their credentials.

For example, once a user has been authenticated (their identity confirmed) using their credentials, the system checks against predefined access control policies to ensure that this user is authorized to access the requested resource. This process is critical in ensuring that users only have access to information and resources they are permitted to interact with, thus maintaining security and integrity within the network.

In contrast, the other options relate to different aspects of security. Identification refers to the process of claiming an identity, while authentication is about verifying that identity. Access control encompasses both authorization and the rules governing how access is granted or restricted. Therefore, authorization is the specific process that directly addresses the question regarding granting access based on credentials.