What is a botnet?

A botnet refers specifically to a network of compromised computers or devices that are infected with malware and can be controlled remotely by an attacker. These devices, often called "bots" or "zombies," are typically utilized to perform coordinated tasks without the knowledge of the device owners. Common uses of botnets include conducting distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, distributing spam emails, or stealing personal information.

Understanding this definition is crucial for recognizing the broader implications of botnets in network security, as they can pose significant threats and challenges to both individuals and organizations. By employing various tactics, attackers can exploit these compromised systems to launch attacks on other networks or serve malicious purposes.

While other options describe different concepts related to cybersecurity, they do not accurately define the workings or functions of a botnet. For example, anti-virus software is intended to protect devices from malware, encryption methods secure data transmission, and forms of malware refer to harmful software in general. None of these encapsulate the operational structure of a botnet.